[
  {
    "site_id": "harbetsuvan",
    "canonical_name": "Harbetsuvan Tepesi",
    "aliases": [
      "Çakmak Harabesi"
    ],
    "category_key": "source_zone_comparison",
    "evidence_category": "Published group-level comparison",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "2017–19 excavations, sondages and surface collection. 2018 includes two surface groups in prose, one surface column in the published table. Pre-Pottery Neolithic; early PPNB attribution in excavation literature.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "1778 obsidian finds from 2017–19; 177 production-debris pieces selected for WDXRF.",
    "obsidian_count": 1778,
    "artefact_forms": "Analytical sample: production debris. Full assemblage: blades, flakes, core tablets/fragments, points and debris; no intact obsidian cores reported in the 2022 study.",
    "context": "2017–19 excavations, sondages and surface collection. 2018 includes two surface groups in prose, one surface column in the published table.",
    "site_chronology": "Pre-Pottery Neolithic; early PPNB attribution in excavation literature.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Excavation and surface groups; sample-by-sample stratigraphic and chronological attribution unavailable.",
    "source_attribution": "Candidate source-zone comparisons only; no individual source assignments.",
    "analytical_technique": "WDXRF; major oxides (Bruker S8 Tiger)",
    "analytical_sample_size": 177,
    "publication_status": "Published group-level elemental analysis",
    "citation": "Şen, Z. 2025. Harbetsuvan Tepesi XRF (mineraloji) analizleri. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi 67: 18–26. | Çelik, B., Güler, M. and Güler, G. 2023. Harbetsuvan Tepesi küçük buluntuları. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi 60: 94–107. | Şen, Z. 2022. Harbetsuvan Tepesi obsidiyen aletlerin tipolojik ve teknolojik analizleri. MA dissertation, Iğdır Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü. | Şen, Z. and Çelik, B. 2022. Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik Dönem’e ait Harbetsuvan Tepesi obsidyen buluntuları. Arkeoloji ve Sanat 170: 13–22.",
    "short_citation": "Şen 2025; Çelik et al. 2023; Şen 2022; Şen and Çelik 2022",
    "citation_keys": [
      "Sen2025",
      "CelikGulerGuler2023",
      "Sen2022Thesis",
      "SenCelik2022"
    ],
    "pages": "Şen 2025: 18–23, Tables 1–3 | Çelik et al. 2023: 94–107 | Şen 2022: 120–23, Table 5 p. 121, catalogue pp. 135–60, Graphs 9–10 p. 189 | Şen and Çelik 2022: 13–22; quantities p. 14; no intact cores p. 15",
    "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.1681087",
    "additional_source_urls": [
      "https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.1397800",
      "https://www.academia.edu/92075524/HARBETSUVAN_TEPES%C4%B0_OBS%C4%B0D%C4%B0YEN_ALETLER%C4%B0N_T%C4%B0POLOJ%C4%B0K_VE_TEKNOLOJ%C4%B0K_ANAL%C4%B0ZLER%C4%B0",
      "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369921026_Canak_Comleksiz_Neolitik_Doneme_Ait_Harbetsuvan_Tepesi_Obsidiyen_Buluntulari"
    ],
    "latitude": 37.048674999999996,
    "longitude": 39.252433333333336,
    "coordinate_status": "verified — primary/official coordinate",
    "coordinate_source": "Çelik 2016, p. 422, Location",
    "coordinate_url": "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.43.21",
    "coordinate_note": "Primary archaeological report prints 37°2′55.23″N, 39°15′8.76″E. Same location as frozen model endpoint to rounding. Çakmak Harabesi is an alternative site name, not a second locality. Geographic locator does not specify the analysed artefacts’ findspots. Printed to 0.01 arc-second; datum and survey accuracy not stated. Decimal conversion preserves the source, not a metre-accuracy claim.",
    "limitation": "No artefact-level elemental table, formal source-assignment procedure or assignment uncertainties. The thesis gives aggregate oxide statistics and source comparisons; its individual artefact catalogue records morphology and context, not chemical provenance. Geological source comparisons are not linked to independently checkable individual artefact assignments. No separate mineralogical method is described: the method is elemental WDXRF. The selected sources remain candidates; neither source diversity nor a travelled route is established.",
    "site_description": "Excavations and surface collection at this PPN settlement yielded 1778 obsidian finds. WDXRF analysis of 177 selected production-debris pieces reports the glass’s main chemical components at trench or sample-group level. These results support preliminary source-zone comparison, not individual source assignments.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Verified site location in Figure 1 and the interactive map. Three modelled paths, one from each selected source zone, retain the original endpoint. The original and verified locations fall in the same model-grid cell, so the calculated cell path and cost are unchanged.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Pre-Pottery Neolithic; early PPNB attribution in excavation literature.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": true,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.43.21"
    ],
    "map_eligible": true,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": [
      37.048676,
      39.252434
    ],
    "modelled": true
  },
  {
    "site_id": "karahan",
    "canonical_name": "Karahan Tepe",
    "aliases": [
      "Karahantepe"
    ],
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Surface survey/site assemblage reported by Çelik 2011. Pre-Pottery Neolithic, identified from architecture and lithic typology in the cited survey.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "50 obsidian finds among 617 small finds (591 flaked-stone pieces).",
    "obsidian_count": 50,
    "artefact_forms": "One end scraper, blade fragments, flakes and manufacturing waste.",
    "context": "Surface survey/site assemblage reported by Çelik 2011.",
    "site_chronology": "Pre-Pottery Neolithic, identified from architecture and lithic typology in the cited survey.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Survey obsidian not securely assigned to individual occupation phases.",
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological report",
    "citation": "Çelik, B. 2011. Karahan Tepe: a new cultural centre in the Urfa area in Turkey. Documenta Praehistorica 38: 241–53.",
    "short_citation": "Çelik 2011",
    "citation_keys": [
      "Celik2011"
    ],
    "pages": "Çelik 2011: 243–44, 246, Fig. 17.4–7",
    "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.38.19",
    "additional_source_urls": [],
    "latitude": 37.091433333333335,
    "longitude": 39.30329166666667,
    "coordinate_status": "verified — primary/official coordinate",
    "coordinate_source": "Çelik 2016, p. 422, footnote 2",
    "coordinate_url": "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.43.21",
    "coordinate_note": "Primary archaeological report prints 37°5′29.16″N, 39°18′11.85″E. Geographic locator differs from the frozen LCP endpoint; retain that endpoint and all numerical outputs unchanged. Different representative points within a site need not indicate a computational error. Printed to 0.01 arc-second; datum and survey accuracy not stated.",
    "limitation": "Do not describe the 50 finds as 50 finished tools. The publication uses inconsistent English tool terminology. 50/617 = 8.1% of small finds; 50/591 = 8.46% of flaked stone. These denominators differ. No identified source, proven source diversity or excavated reduction sequence.",
    "site_description": "Survey at Karahan Tepe recorded 50 obsidian finds, including an end scraper, blade fragments, flakes and waste. The site has a PPN occupation, but the survey obsidian is not securely phased. No geochemical source attribution is reported.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Verified site location in Figure 1 and the interactive map. Three modelled paths, one from each selected source zone, retain the original endpoint. The original and verified locations fall in the same model-grid cell, so the calculated cell path and cost are unchanged.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Pre-Pottery Neolithic, identified from architecture and lithic typology in the cited survey.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.43.21"
    ],
    "map_eligible": true,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": [
      37.092361,
      39.301552
    ],
    "modelled": true
  },
  {
    "site_id": "gobekli",
    "canonical_name": "Göbekli Tepe",
    "aliases": [
      "Göbeklitepe"
    ],
    "category_key": "reported_analysis",
    "evidence_category": "Reported analysis without an auditable artefact-level dataset",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "A 2009 conference abstract reports PIXE analysis of 100 artefacts and three source groups; a 2011 programme lists follow-up work. Carter et al. (2021: section 4) also mention Bingöl and Nemrut Dağ obsidian at Göbekli Tepe with reference to MAX Lab. The reviewed records do not publish the underlying Göbekli artefact-level measurements, numerical source ratios or contextual assignments. The evidence remains reported analysis.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "100 artefacts reported in the 2009 PIXE abstract.",
    "obsidian_count": null,
    "artefact_forms": "Obsidian artefacts; individual analytical sample forms not published.",
    "context": "100 artefacts analysed; selection/context details not published in the abstract.",
    "site_chronology": "PPNA–PPNB settlement; the reviewed analytical records do not identify the sampled occupation phases.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "The reviewed records do not supply the sampled contexts or phase-specific counts.",
    "source_attribution": "The 2009 abstract reports three broadly Cappadocian and eastern Anatolian source groups. Carter et al. (2021: section 4) mention Bingöl and Nemrut Dağ; individual assignments and source ratios remain unpublished.",
    "analytical_technique": "PIXE",
    "analytical_sample_size": 100,
    "publication_status": "Conference abstract, later programme listing and a mention of MAX Lab work in Carter et al. (2021: section 4).",
    "citation": "Carter, T., Le Bourdonnec, F.-X., Poupeau, G. and Schmidt, K. 2009. From PIXE to pilgrimage? Obsidian sourcing at the Neolithic temple complex of Göbekli Tepe (SE Anatolia). In Abstracts of the 74th Annual Meeting: 71. Society for American Archaeology. | Carter, T., Le Bourdonnec, F.-X., Poupeau, G. and Schmidt, K. 2011. Towards an archaeology of pilgrimage: sourcing obsidian from the Neolithic temple complex of Göbekli Tepe. Paper listed in ASOR Annual Meeting programme, session A17. | Carter, T., Moir, R., Wong, T., Campeau, K., Miyake, Y. and Maeda, O. 2021. 'Hunter-fisher-gatherer river transportation: insights from sourcing the obsidian of Hasankeyf Höyük, a Pre-Pottery Neolithic A village on the Upper Tigris (SE Turkey)'. Quaternary International 574: 27-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2020.09.045",
    "short_citation": "Carter et al. 2009; Carter et al. 2011; Carter et al. 2021",
    "citation_keys": [
      "CarterEtAl2009",
      "CarterEtAl2011",
      "CarterEtAl2021"
    ],
    "pages": "Carter et al. 2009: 71 | Carter et al. 2011: session A17 programme entry | Carter et al. 2021: section 4",
    "source_url": "https://saa.org/common/Uploaded%20files/saadocs/AnnualMeeting/Abstract/abstract_2009.pdf",
    "additional_source_urls": [
      "https://www.asor.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/academic_program_11.8.11.pdf",
      "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2020.09.045"
    ],
    "latitude": 37.223242,
    "longitude": 38.922363999999995,
    "coordinate_status": "verified — primary/official coordinate",
    "coordinate_source": "Nomination text 2017, section 1.d; UNESCO property record",
    "coordinate_url": "https://whc.unesco.org/document/160483",
    "coordinate_note": "Official nomination gives the centre of the nominated World Heritage property: 37°13′23.6712″N, 38°55′20.5104″E. This is a property locator, not an artefact context or individual building. Prefer it to unreferenced project digits. Nomination decimal seconds retained; property-centre coordinate, not a claim of field-survey precision.",
    "limitation": "The reviewed records do not supply individual measurements, numerical source ratios or contextual assignments. The 2021 mention does not establish a Bingöl A/B attribution or show whether its sample overlaps the 2009 PIXE sample. The pilgrimage proposal remains an interpretation in the 2009 abstract.",
    "site_description": "A 2009 conference abstract reports PIXE analysis of 100 artefacts and three source groups; a 2011 programme lists follow-up work. Carter et al. (2021: section 4) also mention Bingöl and Nemrut Dağ obsidian at Göbekli Tepe with reference to MAX Lab. The reviewed records do not publish the underlying Göbekli artefact-level measurements, numerical source ratios or contextual assignments. The evidence remains reported analysis.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Verified site location in Figure 1 and the interactive map. Three modelled paths, one from each selected source zone, retain the original endpoint. The original and verified locations fall in the same model-grid cell, so the calculated cell path and cost are unchanged.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "PPNA–PPNB settlement; the reviewed analytical records do not identify the sampled occupation phases.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": true,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://whc.unesco.org/document/160483",
      "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1572/"
    ],
    "map_eligible": true,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": [
      37.223373,
      38.922379
    ],
    "modelled": true
  },
  {
    "site_id": "sefer",
    "canonical_name": "Sefer Tepe",
    "aliases": [
      "Sefertepe",
      "Yukarı Darik Harabesi"
    ],
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Surface survey in 2013; a 2024 museum catalogue additionally reports a few obsidian specimens in its account of excavation since 2021. Early PPNB proposed from architecture and lithic typology; newer excavation overview assigns the site to PPNB.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "Obsidian:flint tool ratio 1:7 in the survey report; no total obsidian count. The newer excavation overview reports a few specimens.",
    "obsidian_count": null,
    "artefact_forms": "One scraper fragment and blade fragments in the survey report.",
    "context": "Surface survey in 2013; a 2024 museum catalogue additionally reports a few obsidian specimens in its account of excavation since 2021.",
    "site_chronology": "Early PPNB proposed from architecture and lithic typology; newer excavation overview assigns the site to PPNB.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Survey obsidian not independently phased; newer excavation overview does not publish specimen-level contexts or dates.",
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological report",
    "citation": "Güler, G., Çelik, B. and Güler, M. 2013. 'New Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites and cult centres in the Urfa Region'. Documenta Praehistorica 40: 291–303. https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23 | Güldoğan, E. 2024. Sefertepe. In N. Karul, E. Özdoğan and A. Yavuzkır (eds), Şanlıurfa Müzesi Neolitik Çağ Kataloğu / Şanlıurfa Museum Neolithic Catalogue: 64–69.",
    "short_citation": "Güler et al. 2013; Güldoğan 2024",
    "citation_keys": [
      "GulerEtAl2013",
      "Guldogan2024"
    ],
    "pages": "Güler et al. 2013: 296–97, Fig. 22 | Güldoğan 2024: 64–69, especially 66",
    "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23",
    "additional_source_urls": [
      "https://www.sanliurfa.bel.tr/uploads/2025/20250901142857-32824-28081.pdf"
    ],
    "latitude": 37.18173,
    "longitude": 39.495759,
    "coordinate_status": "verified — primary/official coordinate",
    "coordinate_source": "Official atlas, map/directions link; official excavation project location",
    "coordinate_url": "https://www.urfakulturatlasi.com.tr/envanter/detay/sefertepe",
    "coordinate_note": "Official atlas explicitly identifies Sefertepe and supplies this point. Official project description confirms the archaeological locality. Vici 69122 gives a different location about 1.2 km southwest; it was rejected in favour of the official archaeological locator. Frozen LCP endpoint remains unchanged. Five/six decimal places displayed by official atlas; positional accuracy not stated.",
    "limitation": "Reported analytical work in recent news is not an auditable result. Catalogue English opening calls the site Pottery Neolithic whereas Turkish and the following PPNB description say Pre-Pottery Neolithic; treat as translation error.",
    "site_description": "Survey at Sefer Tepe recorded a scraper fragment and obsidian blade fragments; a newer excavation overview also reports a few obsidian specimens. The site is assigned to PPNB. No geochemical source attribution is published in these reports.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Verified site location in Figure 1 and the interactive map. Three modelled paths, one from each selected source zone, retain the original endpoint. The original and verified locations fall in the same model-grid cell, so the calculated cell path and cost are unchanged.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Early PPNB proposed from architecture and lithic typology; newer excavation overview assigns the site to PPNB.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://www.urfakulturatlasi.com.tr/envanter/detay/sefertepe",
      "https://tastepeler.org/en/settlements/sefertepe"
    ],
    "map_eligible": true,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": [
      37.182739,
      39.495903
    ],
    "modelled": true
  },
  {
    "site_id": "tasli",
    "canonical_name": "Taşlı Tepe",
    "aliases": [
      "Taşlıtepe",
      "Başbük Taşlı Tepe"
    ],
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Surface survey. Early PPNB proposed from architecture and lithic typology.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "Small number; no numerical count published.",
    "obsidian_count": null,
    "artefact_forms": "Mostly blades/blade pieces.",
    "context": "Surface survey.",
    "site_chronology": "Early PPNB proposed from architecture and lithic typology.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Surface obsidian is not securely dated to an occupation phase.",
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological report",
    "citation": "Güler, G., Çelik, B. and Güler, M. 2013. 'New Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites and cult centres in the Urfa Region'. Documenta Praehistorica 40: 291–303. https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23",
    "short_citation": "Güler et al. 2013",
    "citation_keys": [
      "GulerEtAl2013"
    ],
    "pages": "Güler et al. 2013: 293, Fig. 4",
    "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23",
    "additional_source_urls": [],
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "coordinate_status": "approximate — publication map/location description",
    "coordinate_source": "Güler et al. 2013, pp. 292–93 and Map 1; Çelik et al. 2011, p. 226; atlas location description",
    "coordinate_url": "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23",
    "coordinate_note": "Primary and official sources identify the Neolithic site about 1 km north of Başbük. No primary/official numerical coordinate was recovered; the atlas explicitly has no precise location. The old map point exactly matches Vici 69123, stated ±25–100 m. A nearby duplicate Vici 77268 is not independent coordinate verification. Identity is clear, but a verified-only geographic layer should omit the point until site bounds or survey coordinates are independently checked. Frozen LCP endpoint remains available in the modelling layer. Gazetteer claims ±25–100 m, but source of positional measurement is undocumented; no accepted geographic latitude/longitude.",
    "limitation": "Site typology supplies a proposed occupation date, not an independently dated obsidian horizon.",
    "site_description": "Surface survey at Taşlı Tepe recorded a small obsidian component, mainly blade pieces. Early PPNB is proposed from architecture and lithic typology. The obsidian remains unphased and unsourced.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Location not independently verified; retained in the evidence register without an occurrence marker. Three modelled paths from the selected source zones use an illustrative, unverified endpoint. These supplementary scenarios are excluded from the nine principal source–site paths.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Early PPNB proposed from architecture and lithic typology.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23",
      "https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/779114",
      "https://www.urfakulturatlasi.com.tr/envanter/detay/basbuk-tasli-tepe-neolitik-yerlesim-alani",
      "https://vici.org/vici/69123/"
    ],
    "map_eligible": false,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": [
      37.368816,
      39.280277
    ],
    "modelled": true
  },
  {
    "site_id": "hamzan",
    "canonical_name": "Hamzan Tepe",
    "aliases": [],
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Surface survey of site with Palaeolithic and PPN components. PPNB component identified by lithic typology; Palaeolithic material also occurs.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "Two blade fragments.",
    "obsidian_count": 2,
    "artefact_forms": "Two translucent black blade fragments.",
    "context": "Surface survey of site with Palaeolithic and PPN components.",
    "site_chronology": "PPNB component identified by lithic typology; Palaeolithic material also occurs.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Mixed surface assemblage; the two obsidian fragments have no independent phase/date.",
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological report",
    "citation": "Çelik, B. 2010. Hamzan Tepe in the light of new finds. Documenta Praehistorica 37: 257–68.",
    "short_citation": "Çelik 2010",
    "citation_keys": [
      "Celik2010"
    ],
    "pages": "Çelik 2010: 259–62, Fig. 9.21–22, conclusion 266",
    "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.37.22",
    "additional_source_urls": [],
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "coordinate_status": "approximate — publication map/location description",
    "coordinate_source": "Çelik 2010, p. 257 and Map 1; Harran University/Karacadağ final report, PDF p. 18, inventory item 1",
    "coordinate_url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/12127534092",
    "coordinate_note": "OSM names an archaeological site at this point. Its identity and vicinity are independently corroborated by Çelik’s primary site report, topographic description and the official university field inventory (UTM E482430, N4104237; archaeological survey by Şükrü Gürler and Bahattin Çelik). The UTM report omits datum/zone; therefore do not present a silently assumed conversion as an exact published WGS84 fix. Zone 37N is geographically implied: a WGS84 conversion lies about 200 m away; an ED50 interpretation lies about 100 m away. These support the locality but do not verify the exact OSM pin. The locality is credible, but neither the exact OSM point nor a definite datum transformation can be independently verified. Omit the geographic marker from the verified-only layer; retain the frozen LCP endpoint. OSM and primary UTM records identify a regional locality, but positional accuracy and datum are unresolved; no accepted geographic coordinate.",
    "limitation": "The 8500–7500 BC interval on p. 261 concerns typological dating of a specific flint arrowhead type, not radiocarbon dates for the site or obsidian. Colour and blade technology cannot identify a geological source.",
    "site_description": "Survey at Hamzan Tepe recorded two translucent black obsidian blade fragments. PPNB and Palaeolithic material both occur at the site. The obsidian has no secure phase or geochemical source assignment.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Location not independently verified; retained in the evidence register without an occurrence marker. Three modelled paths from the selected source zones use an illustrative, unverified endpoint. These supplementary scenarios are excluded from the nine principal source–site paths.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "PPNB component identified by lithic typology; Palaeolithic material also occurs.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/12127534092",
      "https://mapcarta.com/N12127534092",
      "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.37.22",
      "https://www.karacadag.gov.tr/Dokuman/Dosya/www.karacadag.org.tr_11_MM6Y41IA_sanliurfada_ceylan_odakli_ekoturizm_faaliyeti_icin_hazirlik_calismasi_projesi.pdf"
    ],
    "map_eligible": false,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": [
      37.082775,
      38.801498
    ],
    "modelled": true
  },
  {
    "site_id": "ayanlar",
    "canonical_name": "Ayanlar Höyük",
    "aliases": [
      "Gre Hut",
      "Ayanlar Höyüğü"
    ],
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Surface survey; modern village/cemetery and Byzantine occupation affect parts of mound. Early to middle PPNB proposed from architecture and lithic typology; Byzantine remains also occur.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "Very small number; no numerical count published.",
    "obsidian_count": null,
    "artefact_forms": "Chips and debitage.",
    "context": "Surface survey; modern village/cemetery and Byzantine occupation affect parts of mound.",
    "site_chronology": "Early to middle PPNB proposed from architecture and lithic typology; Byzantine remains also occur.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Surface obsidian unphased.",
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological report",
    "citation": "Çelik, B. 2017. A new Pre-Pottery Neolithic site in Southeastern Turkey: Ayanlar Höyük (Gre Hut). Documenta Praehistorica 44: 360–67.",
    "short_citation": "Çelik 2017",
    "citation_keys": [
      "Celik2017"
    ],
    "pages": "Çelik 2017: 360, 362, 364",
    "source_url": "https://journals.uni-lj.si/DocumentaPraehistorica/article/view/44.22",
    "additional_source_urls": [],
    "latitude": 37.184651,
    "longitude": 38.55898,
    "coordinate_status": "verified — primary/official coordinate",
    "coordinate_source": "Official atlas map/directions link; Çelik 2017, p. 361",
    "coordinate_url": "https://www.urfakulturatlasi.com.tr/envanter/detay/ayanlar-hoyugu-gre-hut",
    "coordinate_note": "Official atlas identifies Gre Hut/Ayanlar archaeological mound and provides this coordinate. Primary report identifies a wider multi-hillock settlement under/north of Ayanlar village. The official locator differs from the old OSM-derived centre by about 176 m; neither is an artefact findspot. Use the official representative archaeological locator without revising the primary report’s settlement dimensions from the web entry. Six/five decimals displayed; official representative site point; positional accuracy unspecified.",
    "limitation": "Do not transfer dates from flint/architectural typology directly to the obsidian pieces. “Gre Hut” is the reported local alternative name.",
    "site_description": "Surface survey at Ayanlar Höyük recorded very few obsidian chips and pieces of debitage. The site is assigned to early–middle PPNB by typological comparison, with Byzantine remains also present. The obsidian is not securely phased or sourced.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Verified occurrence locator in Figure 1 and interactive map. No modelled path.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Early to middle PPNB proposed from architecture and lithic typology; Byzantine remains also occur.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://www.urfakulturatlasi.com.tr/envanter/detay/ayanlar-hoyugu-gre-hut",
      "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.44.22"
    ],
    "map_eligible": true,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": null,
    "modelled": false
  },
  {
    "site_id": "yeni_mahalle",
    "canonical_name": "Yeni Mahalle/Balıklıgöl",
    "aliases": [
      "Yeni Mahalle",
      "Balıklıgöl",
      "Şanlıurfa-Yeni Mahalle",
      "Urfa-Yeni Mahalle",
      "Balıklıgöl Höyüğü"
    ],
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "1997 investigated section in Yeni Yol Street, 15 m long and 0.5 m wide; later historical material in upper profile. Urfa Man was recovered separately during construction in 1993. Early Neolithic profile; PPNA–early PPNB proposed from lithic comparison.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "15 obsidian tools in the investigated street profile.",
    "obsidian_count": 15,
    "artefact_forms": "Tools; the report does not separate tool classes by raw material.",
    "context": "1997 investigated section in Yeni Yol Street, 15 m long and 0.5 m wide; later historical material in upper profile. Urfa Man was recovered separately during construction in 1993.",
    "site_chronology": "Early Neolithic profile; PPNA–early PPNB proposed from lithic comparison.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Better contextual control than undifferentiated surface survey, but no individual obsidian source/context table.",
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological report",
    "citation": "Çelik, B. 2000. An early Neolithic settlement in the center of Şanlıurfa, Turkey. Neo-Lithics 2–3/00: 4–6. | Healey, E. 2021. Not only a tool-stone: other ways of using obsidian in the Near East. Journal of Lithic Studies 8 (3): 25–83.",
    "short_citation": "Çelik 2000; Healey 2021",
    "citation_keys": [
      "Celik2000",
      "Healey2021"
    ],
    "pages": "Çelik 2000: 4–6, especially 5 | Healey 2021: 42 (inlays; contextual association less secure)",
    "source_url": "https://www.exoriente.org/repository/NEO-LITHICS/NEO-LITHICS_2000_2.pdf",
    "additional_source_urls": [
      "https://doi.org/10.2218/jls.5739"
    ],
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "coordinate_status": "approximate — publication map/location description",
    "coordinate_source": "Vici archaeological entry and cited Çelik 2008 locality account",
    "coordinate_url": "https://vici.org/vici/72265/",
    "coordinate_note": "The original coordinate is exactly the Vici archaeological point north of Balıklıgöl, with stated ±25–100 m accuracy. Reports identify the PPN locality in the built-up Yeni Mahalle area, but a numerical primary/official coordinate tying this exact point to the exposed archaeological profile was not recovered. Do not substitute the modern quarter centroid, lake centre or statue’s museum location. Omit from verified-only geographic markers pending independent identification of the excavation/profile location. Vici states ±25–100 m; measurement provenance not given; no accepted geographic latitude/longitude.",
    "limitation": "Do not assign every listed tool class to obsidian. The statue is not securely associated with the same investigated 1997 section. Its eye inlays support another use of obsidian but have weaker archaeological context. Absence of sourcing should be phrased relative to the checked record, not as an unqualified global assertion.",
    "site_description": "An investigated Early Neolithic street profile at Yeni Mahalle/Balıklıgöl yielded 15 obsidian tools. The report provides better context than surface collection but no individual source assignments. The Urfa Man eye inlays are a separate record with weaker archaeological context.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Location not independently verified; retained in evidence register but not mapped. No modelled path.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Early Neolithic profile; PPNA–early PPNB proposed from lithic comparison.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://vici.org/vici/72265/",
      "https://www.sanliurfa.bel.tr/files/1/bsb_sonra/il_kultur_mudurlugu/1_arkeolojide_urfa.pdf"
    ],
    "map_eligible": false,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": null,
    "modelled": false
  },
  {
    "site_id": "gurcutepe",
    "canonical_name": "Gürcütepe",
    "aliases": [
      "Gürcütepe Höyükleri"
    ],
    "category_key": "reported_analysis",
    "evidence_category": "Reported analysis without an auditable artefact-level dataset",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Loaned artefacts from Gürcütepe I, II and IV. I/II/IV are mound/site units, not periods. Local mound complex includes Aceramic Neolithic to Late Chalcolithic occupations; the sampled phases remain unresolved.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "More than 100 pieces analysed; exact number not reported.",
    "obsidian_count": null,
    "artefact_forms": "Implements and associated knapping debris; analysed forms not individually listed.",
    "context": "Loaned artefacts from Gürcütepe I, II and IV. I/II/IV are mound/site units, not periods.",
    "site_chronology": "Local mound complex includes Aceramic Neolithic to Late Chalcolithic occupations; the sampled phases remain unresolved.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "The abstract does not establish which occupation phases the more than 100 analysed pieces represent.",
    "source_attribution": "Analysis reported without source results or individual assignments.",
    "analytical_technique": "EDXRF; non-destructive",
    "analytical_sample_size": ">100",
    "publication_status": "Conference poster abstract",
    "citation": "Carter, T., Rudner, M., Moir, R. and Schmidt, K. 2024. EDXRF sourcing of obsidian artefacts from Neolithic Gürcütepe, Türkiye. Poster abstract 2069. In World Neolithic Congress 2024: Abstracts: 783.",
    "short_citation": "Carter et al. 2024",
    "citation_keys": [
      "CarterEtAl2024"
    ],
    "pages": "Carter et al. 2024: 783, poster abstract 2069",
    "source_url": "https://www.worldneolithiccongress.org/assets/files/WNC2024-E-Abstracts%20Book.pdf",
    "additional_source_urls": [],
    "latitude": 37.140402,
    "longitude": 38.824592,
    "coordinate_status": "verified — primary/official coordinate",
    "coordinate_source": "Official atlas, map/directions link and archaeological description",
    "coordinate_url": "https://www.urfakulturatlasi.com.tr/envanter/detay/gurcutepe-hoyukleri",
    "coordinate_note": "Official Şanlıurfa Governorship atlas supplies a representative point for the Gürcütepe mound complex. Its description distinguishes four mounds and associated flat areas, spanning about 1,200 m east–west. This point is approximately 3 km from the older Wikidata-derived point. Prefer the official archaeological locator, document the correction and do not label it as Gürcütepe I, II, III or IV or as an obsidian findspot. No local LCP endpoint exists for Gürcütepe. Six decimals displayed by official atlas; representative complex point, with positional accuracy unstated; component/context cannot be inferred.",
    "limitation": "The abstract provides no source results, ratios, artefact table or contexts identifying the sampled phases. No later full publication or dataset was identified in targeted searches through 12 September 2026. The 2024 abstract is not necessarily the first analysis: Brown and Carter (2011) already refer to laboratory comparisons involving Gürcütepe.",
    "site_description": "A 2024 conference abstract reports EDXRF analysis of more than 100 pieces from Gürcütepe I, II and IV. These are mound units, not occupation phases. The abstract supplies neither sampled phases nor source results or a specimen table.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Verified occurrence locator in Figure 1 and interactive map. No modelled path.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Local mound complex includes Aceramic Neolithic to Late Chalcolithic occupations; the sampled phases remain unresolved.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": true,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://www.urfakulturatlasi.com.tr/envanter/detay/gurcutepe-hoyukleri"
    ],
    "map_eligible": true,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": null,
    "modelled": false
  },
  {
    "site_id": "inanli",
    "canonical_name": "İnanlı Tepe",
    "aliases": [
      "İnanlı Tepesi"
    ],
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Surface survey; obsidian flakes recorded with the small finds. Early PPNB proposed from architecture and flint typology.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "Rare; exact count not reported.",
    "obsidian_count": null,
    "artefact_forms": "Flakes.",
    "context": "Surface survey; obsidian flakes recorded with the small finds",
    "site_chronology": "Early PPNB proposed from architecture and flint typology.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Surface obsidian has no independently established occupation phase.",
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological report",
    "citation": "Güler, G., Çelik, B. and Güler, M. 2013. 'New Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites and cult centres in the Urfa Region'. Documenta Praehistorica 40: 291–303. https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23",
    "short_citation": "Güler et al. 2013",
    "citation_keys": [
      "GulerEtAl2013"
    ],
    "pages": "Güler et al. 2013: p. 294",
    "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23",
    "additional_source_urls": [],
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "coordinate_status": "unresolved — insufficient evidence for reliable marker",
    "coordinate_source": "Güler et al. 2013, pp. 293–94; Map 1",
    "coordinate_url": "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23",
    "coordinate_note": "Primary report identifies the northern edge of İnanlı village, about 12 km north of Sefer Tepe, with two low hills and a dry stream south. Its regional map and relative distances do not establish a precise archaeological marker. Official atlas search returned no matching entry; namesake villages elsewhere were rejected. Do not calculate a point from distance/bearing. Locality description and regional map only; no accepted coordinate.",
    "limitation": "Site-level obsidian presence only. The proposed occupation date does not securely date the surface obsidian.",
    "site_description": "Surface survey at İnanlı Tepe recorded rare obsidian flakes. An early PPNB occupation is proposed from architecture and flint typology. The obsidian is not independently dated or sourced.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Location not independently verified; retained in evidence register but not mapped. No modelled path.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Early PPNB proposed from architecture and flint typology.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23"
    ],
    "map_eligible": false,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": null,
    "modelled": false
  },
  {
    "site_id": "basaran",
    "canonical_name": "Başaran Höyük",
    "aliases": [
      "Başaran (Hello Bello) Höyüğü"
    ],
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Surface survey of a mound with Bronze Age, Iron Age and Byzantine material. Late PPNA–early PPNB proposed from architecture and flint typology; Bronze Age, Iron Age and Byzantine material also occurs.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "Rare; exact count not reported.",
    "obsidian_count": null,
    "artefact_forms": "Blade fragments.",
    "context": "Surface survey of a mound with Bronze Age, Iron Age and Byzantine material",
    "site_chronology": "Late PPNA–early PPNB proposed from architecture and flint typology; Bronze Age, Iron Age and Byzantine material also occurs.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Surface obsidian has no independently established occupation phase.",
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological report",
    "citation": "Güler, G., Çelik, B. and Güler, M. 2013. 'New Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites and cult centres in the Urfa Region'. Documenta Praehistorica 40: 291–303. https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23",
    "short_citation": "Güler et al. 2013",
    "citation_keys": [
      "GulerEtAl2013"
    ],
    "pages": "Güler et al. 2013: p. 295, fig. 12.10",
    "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23",
    "additional_source_urls": [],
    "latitude": 37.1364775,
    "longitude": 39.4937555,
    "coordinate_status": "verified — primary/official coordinate",
    "coordinate_source": "Official atlas map/directions link; Güler et al. 2013, pp. 294–95; Güler et al. 2012, pp. 165–66",
    "coordinate_url": "https://www.urfakulturatlasi.com.tr/envanter/detay/basaran-hello-bello-hoyugu",
    "coordinate_note": "Official atlas identifies the prominent mound and active cemetery inside Başaran village. This matches the primary report’s mound/cemetery identity and later-period remains. Atlas chronology alone is not used to assign obsidian. Prefer official locator over Vici, which is about 225 m southwest. The map is for the archaeological locality; no obsidian findspot is implied. A south/north directional inconsistency in the older English account of Sefer’s relationship is not used to generate coordinates. Seven decimals displayed by official atlas; positional accuracy unspecified; representative mound locator.",
    "limitation": "Later deposits and surface recovery prevent secure assignment of the obsidian to a particular phase.",
    "site_description": "Surface survey at Başaran Höyük recorded rare obsidian blade fragments. The proposed late PPNA–early PPNB component occurs alongside later material. No secure obsidian phase or source assignment is reported.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Verified occurrence locator in Figure 1 and interactive map. No modelled path.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Late PPNA–early PPNB proposed from architecture and flint typology; Bronze Age, Iron Age and Byzantine material also occurs.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://www.urfakulturatlasi.com.tr/envanter/detay/basaran-hello-bello-hoyugu",
      "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23",
      "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/779100"
    ],
    "map_eligible": true,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": null,
    "modelled": false
  },
  {
    "site_id": "herzo",
    "canonical_name": "Herzo Tepe",
    "aliases": [
      "Başaran-Herzo Tepe"
    ],
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Surface survey; Byzantine tomb construction and modern agriculture disturbed the site. Late PPNA–early PPNB proposed from architecture and flint typology; Byzantine remains also occur.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "Rare; exact count not reported.",
    "obsidian_count": null,
    "artefact_forms": "Blade fragments.",
    "context": "Surface survey; Byzantine tomb construction and modern agriculture disturbed the site",
    "site_chronology": "Late PPNA–early PPNB proposed from architecture and flint typology; Byzantine remains also occur.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Surface obsidian has no independently established occupation phase.",
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological report",
    "citation": "Güler, G., Çelik, B. and Güler, M. 2013. 'New Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites and cult centres in the Urfa Region'. Documenta Praehistorica 40: 291–303. https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23",
    "short_citation": "Güler et al. 2013",
    "citation_keys": [
      "GulerEtAl2013"
    ],
    "pages": "Güler et al. 2013: pp. 295–96, fig. 15.5",
    "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23",
    "additional_source_urls": [],
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "coordinate_status": "approximate — publication map/location description",
    "coordinate_source": "Güler et al. 2013, p. 295; Güler et al. 2012, pp. 166–67; Map 1",
    "coordinate_url": "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23",
    "coordinate_note": "Primary reports identify a small archaeological settlement north of Başaran. Vici supplies a point with ±100–500 m accuracy; report maps and distance descriptions support its broad locality but do not independently verify this exact point. No matching official atlas archaeological record was found. Retain evidence without a precise marker. Gazetteer states ±100–500 m; no accepted verified coordinate.",
    "limitation": "The survey includes later material; the obsidian lacks an independently dated context.",
    "site_description": "Surface survey at Herzo Tepe recorded rare obsidian blade fragments. Architecture and flint typology suggest late PPNA–early PPNB, but later tomb construction and agriculture disturbed the site. The obsidian is not securely phased or sourced.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Location not independently verified; retained in evidence register but not mapped. No modelled path.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Late PPNA–early PPNB proposed from architecture and flint typology; Byzantine remains also occur.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23",
      "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/779100",
      "https://vici.org/vici/69128/"
    ],
    "map_eligible": false,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": null,
    "modelled": false
  },
  {
    "site_id": "kocanizam",
    "canonical_name": "Kocanizam Tepe",
    "aliases": [
      "Kocanizam Tepesi"
    ],
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Surface survey of a mound substantially affected by Byzantine construction. Late PPNA–early PPNB proposed from flint typology and a possible pillar fragment; Byzantine remains also occur.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "Exact count not reported.",
    "obsidian_count": null,
    "artefact_forms": "Blade fragments.",
    "context": "Surface survey of a mound substantially affected by Byzantine construction",
    "site_chronology": "Late PPNA–early PPNB proposed from flint typology and a possible pillar fragment; Byzantine remains also occur.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Surface obsidian has no independently established occupation phase.",
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological report",
    "citation": "Güler, G., Çelik, B. and Güler, M. 2013. 'New Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites and cult centres in the Urfa Region'. Documenta Praehistorica 40: 291–303. https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23",
    "short_citation": "Güler et al. 2013",
    "citation_keys": [
      "GulerEtAl2013"
    ],
    "pages": "Güler et al. 2013: p. 296, fig. 18.6–7",
    "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23",
    "additional_source_urls": [],
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "coordinate_status": "approximate — publication map/location description",
    "coordinate_source": "Güler et al. 2013, pp. 295–96; Güler et al. 2012; Map 1",
    "coordinate_url": "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23",
    "coordinate_note": "Primary reports and maps identify the archaeological locality in the Kocanizam area; village/settlement wording varies between accounts. Vici offers a ±100–500 m point. Neither a primary numeric coordinate nor independently checked site bounds were recovered. Do not equate the modern village point with an archaeological settlement automatically. Gazetteer states ±100–500 m; no accepted verified coordinate.",
    "limitation": "Illustrated specimens are not treated as a complete assemblage count; surface obsidian is unphased.",
    "site_description": "Survey at Kocanizam Tepe recorded obsidian blade fragments and material assigned to late PPNA–early PPNB. Byzantine construction substantially affected the mound. The obsidian remains unphased and unsourced.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Location not independently verified; retained in evidence register but not mapped. No modelled path.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Late PPNA–early PPNB proposed from flint typology and a possible pillar fragment; Byzantine remains also occur.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.23",
      "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/779100",
      "https://vici.org/vici/69148/"
    ],
    "map_eligible": false,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": null,
    "modelled": false
  },
  {
    "site_id": "kurt",
    "canonical_name": "Kurt Tepesi",
    "aliases": [
      "Kurtlar Tepesi",
      "Kuça Gura",
      "Kurt Tepe"
    ],
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Surface survey of a limestone ridge settlement disturbed by illicit excavation. PPN settlement; late PPNA–early PPNB proposed from pillar comparisons in Çelik 2015a. The 2023 report retains a broad PPN attribution.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "Very scarce; exact count not reported.",
    "obsidian_count": null,
    "artefact_forms": "Obsidian forms not separately specified.",
    "context": "Surface survey of a limestone ridge settlement disturbed by illicit excavation",
    "site_chronology": "PPN settlement; late PPNA–early PPNB proposed from pillar comparisons in Çelik 2015a. The 2023 report retains a broad PPN attribution.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Surface obsidian has no independently established occupation phase.",
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological report",
    "citation": "Çelik, B. 2015a. 'New Neolithic cult centres and domestic settlements in the light of Urfa Region Surveys'. Documenta Praehistorica 42: 353–364. https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.42.25 | Çelik, B. and Tosyagülü Çelik, H. 2023. Kurt Tepesi çevresindeki yerleşimler ve avlaklar. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi 59: 183–92.",
    "short_citation": "Çelik 2015a; Çelik and Tosyagülü Çelik 2023",
    "citation_keys": [
      "Celik2015Urfa",
      "CelikTosyaguluCelik2023"
    ],
    "pages": "Çelik 2015a: pp. 354, 358 | Çelik and Tosyagülü Çelik 2023: 185–86",
    "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.42.25",
    "additional_source_urls": [
      "https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.1329312"
    ],
    "latitude": 37.23471,
    "longitude": 39.241409,
    "coordinate_status": "verified — primary/official coordinate",
    "coordinate_source": "Official atlas map/directions link; Çelik 2015a, p. 354",
    "coordinate_url": "https://www.urfakulturatlasi.com.tr/envanter/detay/kurt-tepesi-kuca-gura",
    "coordinate_note": "Official archaeological inventory names Kurt Tepesi/Kuça Gura near Kapaklı and identifies the PPN settlement and pillars. This is the plateau site, not namesake Kurt hills in Hakkari, Hatay or western Şanlıurfa. Official point selected; no relation to frozen LCP endpoints. Five/six decimals displayed by official atlas; positional accuracy unspecified.",
    "limitation": "The report lists tool types for the mixed lithic assemblage; these are not all assigned to obsidian.",
    "site_description": "Surface survey at Kurt Tepesi recorded very little obsidian. The settlement was assigned to the late PPNA–early PPNB through pillar comparisons. No secure obsidian date or geochemical source assignment is reported.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Verified occurrence locator in Figure 1 and interactive map. No modelled path.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "PPN settlement; late PPNA–early PPNB proposed from pillar comparisons in Çelik 2015a. The 2023 report retains a broad PPN attribution.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://www.urfakulturatlasi.com.tr/envanter/detay/kurt-tepesi-kuca-gura",
      "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.42.25"
    ],
    "map_eligible": true,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": null,
    "modelled": false
  },
  {
    "site_id": "domuzcurnu",
    "canonical_name": "Domuzcurnu Tepesi",
    "aliases": [
      "Kızılburç Curna Henzir Tepesi",
      "Cura Henzir",
      "Curna Henzir"
    ],
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Surface survey of a low limestone hill with visible wall traces. Pre-Pottery Neolithic proposed from surface lithics; subphase unresolved.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "Very small amount; exact count not reported.",
    "obsidian_count": null,
    "artefact_forms": "Blade and flake fragments.",
    "context": "Surface survey of a low limestone hill with visible wall traces",
    "site_chronology": "Pre-Pottery Neolithic proposed from surface lithics; subphase unresolved.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Surface obsidian has no independently established occupation phase.",
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological report",
    "citation": "Çelik, B. 2015a. 'New Neolithic cult centres and domestic settlements in the light of Urfa Region Surveys'. Documenta Praehistorica 42: 353–364. https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.42.25",
    "short_citation": "Çelik 2015a",
    "citation_keys": [
      "Celik2015Urfa"
    ],
    "pages": "Çelik 2015a: p. 356",
    "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.42.25",
    "additional_source_urls": [],
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "coordinate_status": "unresolved — insufficient evidence for reliable marker",
    "coordinate_source": "Çelik 2015a, p. 356 and Map 1.15; Güler and Çelik 2015, pp. 81–82 and Map 1",
    "coordinate_url": "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.42.25",
    "coordinate_note": "Curna/Cura Henzir is the same Kızılburç-area locality, not an additional case. Reports locate the hill about 3.5 km southeast of Kızılburç and supply a regional map; no primary numerical coordinate or unambiguous independently mapped archaeological feature was recovered. Do not derive a precise pin from the village distance. Relative location and coarse publication map only.",
    "limitation": "No stratified obsidian context or geochemical assignment is reported.",
    "site_description": "Survey at Domuzcurnu Tepesi recorded very few obsidian blade and flake fragments. The lithic assemblage is assigned to the PPN, but no stratified obsidian context or source assignment is reported.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Location not independently verified; retained in evidence register but not mapped. No modelled path.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Pre-Pottery Neolithic proposed from surface lithics; subphase unresolved.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.42.25",
      "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/495342"
    ],
    "map_eligible": false,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": null,
    "modelled": false
  },
  {
    "site_id": "aksoy",
    "canonical_name": "Aksoy Tepe",
    "aliases": [
      "Aşağı İkizce Aksoy Tepesi"
    ],
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Surface finds between two mounds with circular building remains; illicit excavation and mixed-period lithics. Reported PPN component alongside Middle Palaeolithic and possible Epipalaeolithic finds.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "Two blade fragments.",
    "obsidian_count": 2,
    "artefact_forms": "Blade fragments.",
    "context": "Surface finds between two mounds with circular building remains; illicit excavation and mixed-period lithics",
    "site_chronology": "Reported PPN component alongside Middle Palaeolithic and possible Epipalaeolithic finds.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Surface obsidian has no independently established occupation phase.",
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological report",
    "citation": "Çelik, B. and Bingöl, A. 2016. 'Şanlıurfa Province Central District Tektek Mountains Year 2015 Surface Survey'. Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Ek Sayı 1: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.9775/kausbed.2016.030",
    "short_citation": "Çelik and Bingöl 2016",
    "citation_keys": [
      "CelikBingol2016"
    ],
    "pages": "Çelik and Bingöl 2016: p. 5",
    "source_url": "https://www.kafkas.edu.tr/dosyalar/sobedergi/file/19/1.pdf",
    "additional_source_urls": [],
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "coordinate_status": "unresolved — insufficient evidence for reliable marker",
    "coordinate_source": "Çelik and Bingöl 2016, p. 5 and Map 1.6; 2015 survey report, site 6",
    "coordinate_url": "https://doi.org/10.9775/kausbed.2016.030",
    "coordinate_note": "Retained site is south of Aşağı İkizce in the Tektek Mountains, with two later tumuli. No archaeological numerical coordinate found. The official atlas Aksoy Höyük at Altınköy/Ceylanpınar beside the Syrian frontier is a different mound and was rejected. It must not supply the retained Aksoy Tepe’s coordinate. Relative location and regional map only.",
    "limitation": "Two obsidian blade fragments are reported; their date cannot be isolated from the mixed surface assemblage.",
    "site_description": "Survey at Aksoy Tepe recorded two obsidian blade fragments among mixed surface material. A PPN component occurs alongside earlier lithics. The obsidian cannot be assigned securely to a particular phase or source.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Location not independently verified; retained in evidence register but not mapped. No modelled path.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Reported PPN component alongside Middle Palaeolithic and possible Epipalaeolithic finds.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://doi.org/10.9775/kausbed.2016.030",
      "https://www.ttk.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/4-Sanliurfa.pdf"
    ],
    "map_eligible": false,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": null,
    "modelled": false
  },
  {
    "site_id": "suvan",
    "canonical_name": "Suvan Tepesi",
    "aliases": [
      "Bağışlar Suvan Tepesi"
    ],
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Surface survey; no ceramics reported in the settlement assemblage; later tumuli on the hill. Pre-Pottery Neolithic proposed from lithics and circular buildings; later tumuli occur on the hill.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "Exact count not reported.",
    "obsidian_count": null,
    "artefact_forms": "Blade fragments.",
    "context": "Surface survey; no ceramics reported in the settlement assemblage; later tumuli on the hill",
    "site_chronology": "Pre-Pottery Neolithic proposed from lithics and circular buildings; later tumuli occur on the hill.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Surface obsidian has no independently established occupation phase.",
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological report",
    "citation": "Çelik, B. and Bingöl, A. 2016. 'Şanlıurfa Province Central District Tektek Mountains Year 2015 Surface Survey'. Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Ek Sayı 1: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.9775/kausbed.2016.030",
    "short_citation": "Çelik and Bingöl 2016",
    "citation_keys": [
      "CelikBingol2016"
    ],
    "pages": "Çelik and Bingöl 2016: p. 5, fig. 8",
    "source_url": "https://www.kafkas.edu.tr/dosyalar/sobedergi/file/19/1.pdf",
    "additional_source_urls": [],
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "coordinate_status": "unresolved — insufficient evidence for reliable marker",
    "coordinate_source": "Çelik and Bingöl 2016, p. 5 and Map 1.8; 2015 survey report, site 8",
    "coordinate_url": "https://doi.org/10.9775/kausbed.2016.030",
    "coordinate_note": "Settlement south of a hill with three later tumuli, about 2.5 km east of Bağışlar. Numerical archaeological coordinates were not recovered. The later Suvan northeast-slope occurrence is not automatically the same locus. Do not calculate coordinates from distance/bearing. Relative location and regional map only.",
    "limitation": "Record refers to the settlement on the southern slope, not later tumuli or adjacent trap areas.",
    "site_description": "Surface survey at Suvan Tepesi recorded obsidian blade fragments at a settlement assigned to the PPN. Later tumuli also occur on the hill. The obsidian has no secure phase or source assignment.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Location not independently verified; retained in evidence register but not mapped. No modelled path.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Pre-Pottery Neolithic proposed from lithics and circular buildings; later tumuli occur on the hill.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://doi.org/10.9775/kausbed.2016.030",
      "https://www.ttk.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/4-Sanliurfa.pdf"
    ],
    "map_eligible": false,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": null,
    "modelled": false
  },
  {
    "site_id": "guvenli",
    "canonical_name": "Güvenli Höyük",
    "aliases": [
      "Güvenli (Davudi) Höyük",
      "Davudi Höyük"
    ],
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Surface survey of a mound partly covered by modern houses and a cemetery. Reported PPN component alongside Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Roman and Byzantine material.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "Exact count not reported.",
    "obsidian_count": null,
    "artefact_forms": "Blades and flakes.",
    "context": "Surface survey of a mound partly covered by modern houses and a cemetery",
    "site_chronology": "Reported PPN component alongside Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Roman and Byzantine material.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Surface obsidian has no independently established occupation phase.",
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological report",
    "citation": "Çelik, B. and Bingöl, A. 2016. 'Şanlıurfa Province Central District Tektek Mountains Year 2015 Surface Survey'. Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Ek Sayı 1: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.9775/kausbed.2016.030",
    "short_citation": "Çelik and Bingöl 2016",
    "citation_keys": [
      "CelikBingol2016"
    ],
    "pages": "Çelik and Bingöl 2016: p. 8, fig. 16",
    "source_url": "https://www.kafkas.edu.tr/dosyalar/sobedergi/file/19/1.pdf",
    "additional_source_urls": [],
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "coordinate_status": "unresolved — insufficient evidence for reliable marker",
    "coordinate_source": "Çelik and Bingöl 2016, p. 8 and Map 1.17; official registration decision 31 May 2016, no. 2074",
    "coordinate_url": "https://doi.org/10.9775/kausbed.2016.030",
    "coordinate_note": "Retained mound is Güvenli (Davudi) in Haliliye, reported by the 2015 survey. Official registration decision is identity-matched and refers to an attached 1:2,000 map, but PDF retrieval repeatedly timed out; no attached map coordinates were read, so none are asserted. Official atlas Güvenli Höyük is a different Siverek mound and contains no precise point; rejected. Registration map remains the best next source to obtain. No readable numerical coordinate; official map exists but was not available in this audit.",
    "limitation": "The report places the obsidian among PPN finds, but surface recovery does not independently establish its phase.",
    "site_description": "Survey at Güvenli Höyük recorded obsidian blades and flakes among finds assigned to the PPN. Later material and modern occupation also affect the mound. The surface obsidian remains unphased and unsourced.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Location not independently verified; retained in evidence register but not mapped. No modelled path.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Reported PPN component alongside Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Roman and Byzantine material.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://doi.org/10.9775/kausbed.2016.030",
      "https://korumakurullari.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/45780%2Csanliurfa-haliliye-guvenli-mahallesinde-bulunan-guvenli-.pdf?0="
    ],
    "map_eligible": false,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": null,
    "modelled": false
  },
  {
    "site_id": "yusuf1",
    "canonical_name": "Yusuf Harabesi 1",
    "aliases": [
      "Karakuş Village Yusuf Ruins 1",
      "Karakuş Yusuf Harabesi 1",
      "Yusuf Ruins 1"
    ],
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Surface survey of an agricultural slope settlement with Byzantine ceramics. Reported PPN component; Byzantine ceramics also occur.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "Exact count not reported.",
    "obsidian_count": null,
    "artefact_forms": "Blade fragments.",
    "context": "Surface survey of an agricultural slope settlement with Byzantine ceramics",
    "site_chronology": "Reported PPN component; Byzantine ceramics also occur.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Surface obsidian has no independently established occupation phase.",
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological report",
    "citation": "Çelik, B. and Bingöl, A. 2016. 'Şanlıurfa Province Central District Tektek Mountains Year 2015 Surface Survey'. Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Ek Sayı 1: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.9775/kausbed.2016.030",
    "short_citation": "Çelik and Bingöl 2016",
    "citation_keys": [
      "CelikBingol2016"
    ],
    "pages": "Çelik and Bingöl 2016: p. 9",
    "source_url": "https://www.kafkas.edu.tr/dosyalar/sobedergi/file/19/1.pdf",
    "additional_source_urls": [],
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "coordinate_status": "unresolved — insufficient evidence for reliable marker",
    "coordinate_source": "Çelik and Bingöl 2016, p. 9, Map 1.21",
    "coordinate_url": "https://doi.org/10.9775/kausbed.2016.030",
    "coordinate_note": "Distinct south-facing slope locality about 2 km northeast of Karakuş. This is separately numbered from the other Yusuf Harabesi sites in the primary report. Coarse map symbols and village distances are insufficient for three reliable individual pins. Official atlas Yusuf Harabesi Höyüğü near Gümüşsu/Ceylanpınar is a different locality and must not be substituted. Do not place all three at Karakuş village or share one inferred coordinate. Separate published locality; no accepted numerical coordinate.",
    "limitation": "Published as Karakuş Village Yusuf Ruins 1. Treat as a separate surveyed locality; do not combine it with the other Yusuf localities.",
    "site_description": "Yusuf Harabesi 1 is a distinct surveyed locality with obsidian blade fragments and reported PPN finds. Byzantine ceramics also occur. The obsidian is not securely phased or sourced.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Location not independently verified; retained in evidence register but not mapped. No modelled path.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Reported PPN component; Byzantine ceramics also occur.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://doi.org/10.9775/kausbed.2016.030",
      "https://www.ttk.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/4-Sanliurfa.pdf"
    ],
    "map_eligible": false,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": null,
    "modelled": false
  },
  {
    "site_id": "yusuf2",
    "canonical_name": "Yusuf Harabesi 2",
    "aliases": [
      "Karakuş Village Yusuf Ruins 2",
      "Karakuş Yusuf Harabesi 2",
      "Yusuf Ruins 2"
    ],
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Surface survey of an agricultural slope settlement with Byzantine ceramics. Reported PPN component; Byzantine ceramics also occur.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "Exact count not reported.",
    "obsidian_count": null,
    "artefact_forms": "Blade fragments.",
    "context": "Surface survey of an agricultural slope settlement with Byzantine ceramics",
    "site_chronology": "Reported PPN component; Byzantine ceramics also occur.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Surface obsidian has no independently established occupation phase.",
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological report",
    "citation": "Çelik, B. and Bingöl, A. 2016. 'Şanlıurfa Province Central District Tektek Mountains Year 2015 Surface Survey'. Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Ek Sayı 1: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.9775/kausbed.2016.030",
    "short_citation": "Çelik and Bingöl 2016",
    "citation_keys": [
      "CelikBingol2016"
    ],
    "pages": "Çelik and Bingöl 2016: p. 9",
    "source_url": "https://www.kafkas.edu.tr/dosyalar/sobedergi/file/19/1.pdf",
    "additional_source_urls": [],
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "coordinate_status": "unresolved — insufficient evidence for reliable marker",
    "coordinate_source": "Çelik and Bingöl 2016, p. 9, Map 1.22",
    "coordinate_url": "https://doi.org/10.9775/kausbed.2016.030",
    "coordinate_note": "Distinct southwest-facing slope locality about 2.5 km northeast of Karakuş. This is separately numbered from the other Yusuf Harabesi sites in the primary report. Coarse map symbols and village distances are insufficient for three reliable individual pins. Official atlas Yusuf Harabesi Höyüğü near Gümüşsu/Ceylanpınar is a different locality and must not be substituted. Do not place all three at Karakuş village or share one inferred coordinate. Separate published locality; no accepted numerical coordinate.",
    "limitation": "Published as Karakuş Village Yusuf Ruins 2. Treat as a separate surveyed locality; do not combine it with the other Yusuf localities.",
    "site_description": "Yusuf Harabesi 2 is a distinct surveyed locality with obsidian blade fragments and reported PPN finds. Byzantine ceramics also occur. The obsidian is not securely phased or sourced.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Location not independently verified; retained in evidence register but not mapped. No modelled path.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Reported PPN component; Byzantine ceramics also occur.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://doi.org/10.9775/kausbed.2016.030",
      "https://www.ttk.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/4-Sanliurfa.pdf"
    ],
    "map_eligible": false,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": null,
    "modelled": false
  },
  {
    "site_id": "yusuf3",
    "canonical_name": "Yusuf Harabesi 3",
    "aliases": [
      "Karakuş Village Yusuf Ruins 3",
      "Karakuş Yusuf Harabesi 3",
      "Yusuf Ruins 3"
    ],
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Surface survey of an agricultural slope settlement with Bronze Age, Roman and Byzantine ceramics. Reported PPN component; Bronze Age, Roman and Byzantine ceramics also occur.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "Exact count not reported.",
    "obsidian_count": null,
    "artefact_forms": "Blade fragments.",
    "context": "Surface survey of an agricultural slope settlement with Bronze Age, Roman and Byzantine ceramics",
    "site_chronology": "Reported PPN component; Bronze Age, Roman and Byzantine ceramics also occur.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Surface obsidian has no independently established occupation phase.",
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological report",
    "citation": "Çelik, B. and Bingöl, A. 2016. 'Şanlıurfa Province Central District Tektek Mountains Year 2015 Surface Survey'. Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Ek Sayı 1: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.9775/kausbed.2016.030",
    "short_citation": "Çelik and Bingöl 2016",
    "citation_keys": [
      "CelikBingol2016"
    ],
    "pages": "Çelik and Bingöl 2016: p. 9",
    "source_url": "https://www.kafkas.edu.tr/dosyalar/sobedergi/file/19/1.pdf",
    "additional_source_urls": [],
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "coordinate_status": "unresolved — insufficient evidence for reliable marker",
    "coordinate_source": "Çelik and Bingöl 2016, p. 9, Map 1.23",
    "coordinate_url": "https://doi.org/10.9775/kausbed.2016.030",
    "coordinate_note": "Distinct west-facing slope locality about 1.5 km northeast of Karakuş. This is separately numbered from the other Yusuf Harabesi sites in the primary report. Coarse map symbols and village distances are insufficient for three reliable individual pins. Official atlas Yusuf Harabesi Höyüğü near Gümüşsu/Ceylanpınar is a different locality and must not be substituted. Do not place all three at Karakuş village or share one inferred coordinate. Separate published locality; no accepted numerical coordinate.",
    "limitation": "Published as Karakuş Village Yusuf Ruins 3. Treat as a separate surveyed locality; do not combine it with the other Yusuf localities.",
    "site_description": "Yusuf Harabesi 3 is a distinct surveyed locality with obsidian blade fragments and reported PPN finds. Bronze Age, Roman and Byzantine ceramics also occur. The obsidian is not securely phased or sourced.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Location not independently verified; retained in evidence register but not mapped. No modelled path.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Reported PPN component; Bronze Age, Roman and Byzantine ceramics also occur.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://doi.org/10.9775/kausbed.2016.030",
      "https://www.ttk.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/4-Sanliurfa.pdf"
    ],
    "map_eligible": false,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": null,
    "modelled": false
  },
  {
    "site_id": "sayburc",
    "canonical_name": "Sayburç",
    "aliases": [],
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Published report of the 2022 excavations in the southern residential area. PPNB settlement. Radiocarbon dates from southern buildings place their occupation in the middle of the 9th millennium BC, corresponding to early PPNB.",
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "Less than 2% of the chipped-stone assemblage; no absolute count published.",
    "obsidian_count": null,
    "artefact_forms": "Obsidian within the chipped-stone assemblage; individual forms not specified.",
    "context": "Published report of the 2022 excavations in the southern residential area",
    "site_chronology": "PPNB settlement. Radiocarbon dates from southern buildings place their occupation in the middle of the 9th millennium BC, corresponding to early PPNB.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Excavated PPNB assemblage; individual obsidian pieces not linked to dated contexts in the report.",
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological report",
    "citation": "Özdoğan, E. and Uludağ, C. 2024. 'Sayburç 2022 Yılı Çalışmaları'. In 43. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı 5: 99–114. Ankara: Kültür Varlıkları ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388066835_Sayburc_2022_Yili_Calismalari | Özdoğan, E. 2024. Sayburç a mid-9th millennium BC site in the foothills of the Eastern Taurus. Documenta Praehistorica 51: 44–58.",
    "short_citation": "Özdoğan and Uludağ 2024; Özdoğan 2024",
    "citation_keys": [
      "OzdoganUludag2024",
      "Ozdogan2024"
    ],
    "pages": "Özdoğan and Uludağ 2024: 99, 104 | Özdoğan 2024: Datings section, author-copy p. 5; final journal pagination 44–58",
    "source_url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388066835_Sayburc_2022_Yili_Calismalari",
    "additional_source_urls": [
      "https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.51.23"
    ],
    "latitude": 37.110596,
    "longitude": 38.621515,
    "coordinate_status": "verified — primary/official coordinate",
    "coordinate_source": "Official atlas map/directions link; official excavation-project locality description",
    "coordinate_url": "https://www.urfakulturatlasi.com.tr/envanter/detay/sayburc",
    "coordinate_note": "Official atlas explicitly identifies the excavated PPN site and supplies this representative point within the locality. Northern and southern excavation areas are distinct; the point does not locate all recovered obsidian or the relief alone. Six decimals displayed by official atlas; positional accuracy unspecified; settlement-level locator.",
    "limitation": "The percentage is descriptive, not a source composition. Excavation provides better contextual control than surface collection, but no specimen-level source assignments are supplied. The 2024 Documenta Praehistorica paper supports site chronology but contains no obsidian mention; keep the excavation report as the presence source.",
    "site_description": "The 2022 excavations at Sayburç recorded obsidian as less than 2% of the chipped-stone assemblage. The settlement is PPNB, but the report does not link individual obsidian pieces to dated contexts. No geochemical source assignment is reported.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Verified occurrence locator in Figure 1 and interactive map. No modelled path.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "PPNB settlement. Radiocarbon dates from southern buildings place their occupation in the middle of the 9th millennium BC, corresponding to early PPNB.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Primary report explicitly documents obsidian at a local site with a reported PPN component. This does not require every obsidian piece to have a secure PPN date.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://www.urfakulturatlasi.com.tr/envanter/detay/sayburc",
      "https://tastepeler.org/en/settlements/sayburc"
    ],
    "map_eligible": true,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": null,
    "modelled": false
  },
  {
    "site_id": "ikizce_guney_hoyugu",
    "canonical_name": "İkizce Güney Höyüğü",
    "aliases": [
      "İkizce Köyü Güney Höyüğü",
      "Ikizce South Mound"
    ],
    "decision": "include",
    "reason": "Distinct locality in the plateau study area; primary survey explicitly reports obsidian and a chlorite vessel fragment attributed to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic. Meets the paper's site-component inclusion rule; mixed surface context does not securely date the obsidian.",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Surface survey of a partly destroyed mound carrying an old cemetery; scarce obsidian with flint blades, flakes and scrapers, pottery from several periods and a chlorite vessel fragment assigned to the PPN.",
    "obsidian_count": null,
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "Very scarce; no numerical count published in the site entry.",
    "artefact_forms": "Not specified for the obsidian; the sentence's blades, flakes and scrapers refer to flint.",
    "context": "Mixed surface survey",
    "site_chronology": "Reported PPN component identified by an undecorated chlorite vessel fragment; pottery also assigned to the Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Hellenistic and Early Byzantine periods.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Not securely phased; the presence of a PPN-type vessel fragment does not date the surface obsidian.",
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Reported PPN material component, not stratigraphically established occupation.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological survey report",
    "citation": "Güler, M. and Çelik, B. 2015. Şanlıurfa Bölgesi Neolitik Dönem Araştırmaları. Ardahan Üniversitesi İnsani Bilimler ve Edebiyat Fakültesi Belgü Dergisi 1: 75–102.",
    "pages": "82 (site entry); 92, map 1; 96, fig. 9",
    "source_url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/belgu/article/437502",
    "pdf_url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/495342",
    "doi": null,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "source_excerpt_obsidian": "çok az oranda da obsidyene rastlanmıştır",
    "source_excerpt_ppn": "çanak çömleksiz Neolitik döneme ait bezemesiz bir taş kap parçası",
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "coordinate_status": "unresolved — insufficient evidence for reliable marker",
    "coordinate_source": "Güler and Çelik 2015, p. 82; Map 1, p. 92; Fig. 9, p. 96",
    "map_status": "Location not independently verified; retained in evidence register but not mapped.",
    "site_description": "Surface survey at this partly destroyed mound south of Hamzan Tepe recorded scarce obsidian and a chlorite vessel fragment assigned to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic. Pottery spans the Neolithic and several later periods. The obsidian is not securely dated, and no geochemical source attribution is reported.",
    "limitation": "The PPN attribution rests on a reported vessel fragment within mixed surface material. Obsidian forms, count, stratigraphic context and source attribution are unavailable.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "short_citation": "Güler and Çelik 2015",
    "coordinate_url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/495342",
    "coordinate_note": "New qualifying locality identified by the literature audit, distinct from Hamzan and from Aşağı/Orta İkizce in the Tektek Mountains. Primary report places the mound 500 m south of İkizce village and about 2 km south of Hamzan, with an old cemetery. These descriptions and the regional map do not justify an exact marker. No matching official archaeological point recovered. Relative location and regional map only.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Distinct locality in the plateau study area; primary survey explicitly reports obsidian and a chlorite vessel fragment attributed to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic. Meets the paper's site-component inclusion rule; mixed surface context does not securely date the obsidian.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Location not independently verified; retained in evidence register but not mapped. No modelled path.",
    "citation_keys": [
      "GulerCelik2015"
    ],
    "additional_source_urls": [],
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/495342"
    ],
    "map_eligible": false,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": null,
    "modelled": false
  },
  {
    "site_id": "besta_faki",
    "canonical_name": "Besta Faki Mevkii",
    "aliases": [
      "Sumaklı Besta Faki Mevkii",
      "Tahtari Mevkii"
    ],
    "decision": "include",
    "reason": "Distinct locality in the Tektek Dağları study area; original survey reports a PPN settlement and scarce surface obsidian. The site-component criterion is met, although the obsidian is not securely phased.",
    "evidence_category": "Presence without source attribution",
    "archaeological_evidence_basis": "Survey recorded a settlement assigned to the PPN, a possible pillar-body fragment, scarce obsidian around the mound and Roman tumuli.",
    "obsidian_count": null,
    "obsidian_quantity_text": "Scarce; no numerical count in the site entry.",
    "artefact_forms": "Not specified for the obsidian; the preceding cores, blades and flakes refer to flint.",
    "context": "Surface survey, including material around the mound",
    "site_chronology": "Survey-assigned PPN settlement, with Roman tumuli also present. A possible pillar-body fragment supports the settlement interpretation.",
    "obsidian_chronology": "Not securely phased; the surface obsidian is not assigned to a stratified PPN context.",
    "ppn_occupation_basis": "Published survey attribution and possible pillar fragment, not excavated stratigraphy.",
    "obsidian_securely_ppn_dated": false,
    "source_attribution": "No geochemical source attribution reported.",
    "analytical_technique": null,
    "analytical_sample_size": null,
    "publication_status": "Published primary archaeological survey report, repeated by the survey author in 2023.",
    "citation": "Çelik, B. 2015b. Şanlıurfa İli Yüzey Araştırması. Ardahan Üniversitesi İnsani Bilimler ve Edebiyat Fakültesi Belgü Dergisi 2: 87–107. | Çelik, B. and Tosyagülü Çelik, H. 2023. Kurt Tepesi Çevresindeki Yerleşimler ve Avlaklar. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi 59: 183–192, especially 186–87.",
    "pages": "91 (site entry and footnote 8 alias); 98, map 1.12; 105, figs 14–15",
    "source_url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/belgu/article/437510",
    "pdf_url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/495350",
    "doi": null,
    "primary_source_checked": true,
    "source_excerpt_obsidian": "az miktarda da obsidyen tespit edilmiştir",
    "source_excerpt_ppn": "Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik döneme ait bir yerleşim",
    "corroborating_citation": "Çelik, B. and Tosyagülü Çelik, H. 2023. Kurt Tepesi Çevresindeki Yerleşimler ve Avlaklar. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi 59: 183–192, especially 186–87.",
    "corroborating_doi": "10.17498/kdeniz.1329312",
    "corroborating_pdf_url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/3272386",
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "coordinate_status": "unresolved — insufficient evidence for reliable marker",
    "coordinate_source": "Çelik 2015b, Belgü 2, p. 91, footnote 8 and Map 1.12; Çelik and Tosyagülü Çelik 2023, pp. 186–87",
    "map_status": "Location not independently verified; retained in evidence register but not mapped.",
    "site_description": "Survey at Besta Faki Mevkii, also known as Tahtari Mevkii, recorded scarce obsidian around a settlement assigned to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic. A possible pillar fragment and Roman tumuli were also reported. The obsidian is not securely dated, and no geochemical source attribution is reported.",
    "limitation": "Surface context; PPN attribution is to the settlement, while the obsidian remains unphased. Obsidian forms, count and source attribution are unavailable.",
    "bibliographic_note": "The journal landing page and original PDF give pages 87–107; later references sometimes give 79–99. Cite the verified original pagination.",
    "audit_date": "2026-09-12",
    "category_key": "secure_presence",
    "short_citation": "Çelik 2015b; Çelik and Tosyagülü Çelik 2023",
    "coordinate_url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/495350",
    "coordinate_note": "New qualifying locality identified by the literature audit. Tahtari Mevkii is an explicit alias. Primary descriptions locate it 2.5 km north of Sumaklı; this is distinct from Kurt Tepesi south of the village. No numerical archaeological coordinate or independently identifiable gazetteer point recovered. Do not construct a precise pin from the reported distance. Relative location and regional map only.",
    "obsidian_presence_confirmed": true,
    "ppn_component_confirmed": true,
    "obsidian_geochemically_assigned": false,
    "artefact_level_dataset_published": false,
    "reported_analysis_available": false,
    "inclusion_decision": "retain",
    "inclusion_reason": "Distinct locality in the Tektek Dağları study area; original survey reports a PPN settlement and scarce surface obsidian. The site-component criterion is met, although the obsidian is not securely phased.",
    "spatial_treatment": "Location not independently verified; retained in evidence register but not mapped. No modelled path.",
    "citation_keys": [
      "Celik2015Belgu",
      "CelikTosyaguluCelik2023"
    ],
    "additional_source_urls": [
      "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/3272386"
    ],
    "coordinate_sources": [
      "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/495350"
    ],
    "map_eligible": false,
    "frozen_model_endpoint": null,
    "modelled": false
  }
]